House of Lannister Essay - 6353 Words

Development Antijuanne Smith Abstract The study of human growth and development has included many theories over the years. From the well known theories such as cognitive development theory to the lesser known theories such as the systems theory, they all have their strong points in some areas but lack in others. Psychosocial development theory attempts to include the biological, behavioral and social aspects of human development so as not to leave any areas out of consideration. The psychosocial theory is very useful when applied generally to the various stages of development, but the psychosocial theory is even more useful when supplemented with other theories of development that divulge into specificity. PS 121 Core Assessment†¦show more content†¦Following the analysis is an appendix with details of each interview and observation if a more in depth, cross reference is desired. The appendix contains further human development interpretation of each interview and observation. In order to reduce length and redundancy, additional interpretations are omitted in the analysis section but may be found in the appendix. Analysis The stage of toddlerhood is a very interesting stage of development. The terrible twos is a common saying for children at this age who are making the transition from infant to toddler. When viewed objectively, toddlerhood is the exact opposite of terrible. Toddlerhood, in fact, is rather interesting. Many of the things that make us individuals take shape in the toddlerhood. Learning to use the bathroom, language, and motor skill development are just a few of the tasks that toddlers learn in this stage. The psychosocial theory provides solid explanation of toddlerhood. One of the aspects that Newman and Newman write and theorize about in toddlerhood is the concept of imitation as the central process in which toddlers engage (2012, p. 226). Being the central process, it must be argued that imitation is absolutely crucial during this stage of development. Imitation can be both verbal and physical, such as repeating what is said and mimicking the dancing moves they see (Newman amp; Newman, 2012, p. 226). Throughout childhood the role ofShow MoreRelatedGame of Thrones Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst the ruling Targaryen dynasty. The civil war ended when Prince Rhaegar was killed in battle by Robert Baratheon. The wealthiest family around The Lannisters finally agreed to support King Aerys, but then turned against him, by capturing the capital at Kings Landing. Jaime Lannister of the Kingsguard betrayed and murdered King Aerys and House Lannister swore loyalty to Robert Baratheon. The Tyrell and remaining royalists surrendered and Robert Baratheon was declared King of the Seven Kingdoms. UnfortunatelyRead MoreEssay About A Short Story1106 Words   |  5 Pagesannounced to the group. â€Å"What for?† Jon inquired as he sipped on his wine, â€Å"Not that I’m against celebrating.† Rhaegar chuckled at his friend before his indigo eyes directed towards the Tyrell woman, â€Å"Lady Alayna is due to be betrothed to Jaime Lannister.† The news hit her like a tourney lance causing her to nearly choke on the bite she’d just taken. All eyes snapped to her, all of her friends just as surprised as she was. None of them had expected this. They were all looking at her expectantlyRead MoreA Game Of Thrones Based Off The Very Popular George R.r1252 Words   |  6 Pagesthe previous â€Å"Hand† and dear friend to both Lord Stark and the King Robert was assassinated, Lord Stark accepts the offer only to investigate the former Hand s assassination further. Meanwhile the Queen s family, the Lannister’s, the wealthiest house in the realm may be hatching a plot to take power of the Seven Kingdoms. Across the sea, the last two members of the previously overthrown family, the Targaryens, are also scheming to regain the throne. The eldest of the two remaining Targaryen’sRead MoreShort Story : The Lord Of Griffins King1280 Words   |  6 Pagesinitially, taken interest in Alayna because she held much more knowledge in the customs of the northern kingdoms. A flash of golden hair obviated Alayna along the way. Sharp claw-like fingernails dug into the exposed skin of Alayna wrist as Cersei Lannister threaded her arm through Alayna’s. The woman from the Reach paled as she regarded the other woman. Dressed in a deep red silk gown, the lioness looked absolutely regal. Cersei belonged in court, to be admired and inspire. â€Å"It appears we are to beRead MoreThe Games Of Thrones By George R.r1526 Words   |  7 Pagesnovelist and a short story writer in the fantasy, horror fiction was born on September 20, 1948. Martin s father was half Italian, while his mother was half Iris. His family also contains German, English, and French ancestry. His family first Lived in a house on Broadway ,belonging to Martin s great-grandmother . He is best known for ‘A Song of Ice and Fire’ and his series of epic fantasy novel The Game of Thrones. Martin also served as the series co-executive producer. In distinguishing his work fromRead MoreEssay On The Story Of A Story1210 Words   |  5 Pagesher captors distracted, Alayna took her cue to flee. But when Jeyne cried out in fear, her voice rising above everything else, Alayna knew she had to help save the others before she could save herself. Crouching low to avoid detection, the lady from House Tyrell crept over towards Jeyne and her septa, freeing the m with a free quick slashes. â€Å"Thank you, Lady Alayna.† Jeyne latched onto the older woman, her arms wrapping around Alayna’s waist in gratitude. Alayna chuckled and patted the girl’s backRead MoreThe Cersei Lannister Of Privacy Invasion2173 Words   |  9 PagesThe Cersei Lannister of Privacy Invasion: An Over-Controlling and Oppressive Watchful Government Presence Online In the television show Game of Thrones, there exists a world called Westeros and in this world, there lives a woman by the name of Cersei Lannister. At the end of the most recent season she became queen of the seven kingdoms amidst much controversy. She rules Westeros with power, control, and an authoritarian air that commands fear from her subjects. Cersei Lannister is the epitome ofRead MoreExamples Of Seven Sins Of Memory724 Words   |  3 Pagesblocking can affect an individual is when two words are similar and they are asked to fill in the blanks. For example if an individual is asked to identify a word like â€Å"horse† and having it look like H---E. Some individuals may fill in the blanks to say HOUSE rather than the target word. Misattribution is where an individual is able to correctly identify one part of an event but cannot identify another part of the same event correctly. Typically misattribution affects individuals more with age. For exampleRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Being Narcissistic1430 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, the prevalence of having a main character in television shows be narcissistic yet likeable has grown. Today it seems that every popular show has one; Tyrion Lannister from â€Å"Game of Thrones† and Dexter Morgan from â€Å"Dexter†, both show defining characteristics of being narcissistic in nature, yet their characters are received extremely well by audiences. The question that arises from this is why do we find insubordination and a lack of regard for rules and the opinions of others soRead MoreMother of Dragons944 Words   |  4 Pagesexpressions. Frequently, she feigns innocence, saying â€Å"I am only a young girl† as if to disarm her enemies and further humiliate them with her quips or actions. And she is not fearless, but she is brave. When forced to face endless futures and fears in the House of the Undying, she stands alone and rarely wavers. She remains staunchly loyal to those who prove themselves. The loss of her first child (as well as the Khal and even Viserys) and her inability to have another true born child deeply affect Dany

Essay about the human brain - 537 Words

In this paper one will learn the different parts of the brain and their functions. Although the brain isn’t the largest organ of the human body it is the most complex and controlling organ. It is amazing how complicated the brain is. The brain controls every action within and out of your body. The brain has main areas that contain different areas that have specific functions. For instance the basal ganglia holds the lentiform and the caudate. The brain isn’t just â€Å"THE BRAIN† it is actually a group of many parts. They help to inform the brain on the things going on with the human body. The brain is split in to two main parts, the left and the right hemisphere. The left hemisphere has about the same areas as the right hemisphere. The only†¦show more content†¦The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres. The area that passes and processes information concerning touch, pain, temperature, and pressure on skin is the thalamus. The limbic system controls your behavior and emotions. It is involved in emotions such as fear, rage, pleasure, and sorrow. In the prefrontal area of the frontal lobe emotional traits are controlled. In the temporal lobe expressed behavior is controlled. The parietal lobe discriminates sensory. The occipital lobe is where visual interpretation takes place. Pons is a crossroad for nerves going up to the cortex, to the cerebellum and then down the spinal cord. The cortex is the outer gray area where thinking takes place. The olfactory cortex receives senses from the nose that it then sorts out. The area that identifies what we see by working out movements, colors, and shapes is the visual cortex. The area that receives taste senses is called gustatory cortex. The area responsible for analyzing data, performing memory functions, learning new information, forming thoughts, and making decisions is the cerebral cortex. The motor cortex is involved in muscle movement. The cerebellum is vital when carrying out complicated, skilled movements. It is much like a mini brain. If before you read this paper you thought the brain was a â€Å"one man machine† I’m sure your opinion has changed after reading his paper. It is amazing how god has created the brain to have so many areasShow MoreRelatedHuman Brain And Human Brains1477 Words   |  6 PagesWe, the human species are unique. This is a phrase we all have heard at some point in our lives. We are unique compared to other animals in our language, movements, and emotions. We have our own language which the majority of animals do not, we stand on two legs while the majority of the animals are on four legs, and we are much more sensitive to our emotional reactions, making us complex animals. Now, where does all these differences come from? As the title suggest, our human brains are incredibleRead MoreThe Brain And Its Effects On Human Brain1675 Words   |  7 Pages The brain has four main structures; the Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Limbic System, and the Brain Stem. The Cerebrum, also known as the Cerebral Cortex, is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into four parts that are called â€Å"lobes†: there s the frontal lobe which is linked with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, emotions, and problem solving- the parietal lobe which is linked to movement, orientation, and recognitions- the occipital lobe which is linked to visual processing like objectRead MoreThe Perception Of The Human Brain s Brain953 Words   |  4 Pagesreason: survival†¦ as deep in the brain†¦we got special cells known as mirror neurons† (H. C. Sinclair, 2013). It also relates to current human behavior for the reason that it echoes the modeling or imitation behavior executed by children and adolescents. For example, individuals that are into Football will get worked up from just watching it due to similarly reacting to the responses of t he actual audience at the game. The reason as to why is because of the outcome of the human brain’s premotor cortex initiatingRead More The Human Brain Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pages Our brains weigh about three pounds and are divided into two similar looking but functionally different hemisphere, the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. Both of which are connected by a large bundle of nerves called the corpus collosum. In some people with severe seizure disorders such as epilepsy, it was found that if this bundle of nerves was severed their seizure would either cease or a the very least be better controlled. From this surgical procedure it was discovered that the two hemispheresRead More The Human Brain Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesThe human brain is a big, intricate—yet delicate, structure in the human body. It is the key structure in cognitive function. Any damage to the brain does not only â€Å"erase† memories but also may â€Å"deceive† th e brain to erroneously remember a new object as being familiar (2010). The innovative researchers at Cambridge University investigated this phenomenon in their research on The Paradoxial False Memory for Objects after Brain Damage. The publication began by stating the widely acceptable premiseRead MoreStress And The Human Brain1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof study for those interested in human sciences. In particular, stress is often viewed through the scopes of a Psychologist, Sociologist and an Anthropologist. The Psychologist s perspective revolves around relations between stress and the human brain. One of the questions they might ask would be if an individual can be born with stress. The answer is sometimes but not often. Researches at the University of Edinburgh found that mother’s wombs and babies brains contain a chemical protecting themRead MoreThe Human Brain : Is It Interesting?1764 Words   |  8 PagesI’ve never learned much about Psychology yet I always found it interesting. The human brain is very interesting to me, the fact that genetics can affect if you happen to be mentally insane or even a serial killer to me is astonishing. Another idea which grabs my interest is Weber’s Law. This idea has changed the way I do things in my life using my senses, including ignoring my parents loud talking or annoying habits. I’ve also been interested in learning styles. I know the different types, but IRead More The Human Brain Essay1784 Words   |  8 Page sThe Human Brain The human being is considered to be the ultimate form of life on the earth. This is not because the human body is strong and agile. Many other animals posses skills much superior to humans and are able to perform feats humans can only dream of. The one thing that distinguishes humans from all of the other organisms on this planet is the brain. The brain is the site that controls the human body. However, unlike in animals, in man, the brain is also the site of theRead MoreHuman Brain Development1231 Words   |  5 Pageswonder how this is possible if the child hasn’t even taken its first breath yet, but it is true. Brain development begins in week four of their first trimester in the womb. This is important because the development helps a child learn and grow, effecting their future learning, education, and social skills. Brain development begins right in the womb and continues to flourish after birth. A child’s brain develops through neurons and their connections by synapses. Neurons communicate at synapses throughRead MoreThe Human Brain vs. the Computer1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Human Brain vs. the Computer Over the millennia, Man has come up with countless inventions, each more ingenious than the last. However, only now, as the computer arises that mankinds sentience itself is threatened. Ridiculous, some may cry, but I say look about you! The computer has already begun to hold sway over so many of the vital functions that man has prided himself upon before. Our lives are now dependent upon the computer and what it tells you. Even now, I type this essay upon

Plan of Digital Forensics investigation - Free Samples

Questions: 1. Justifying the plan for digital forensics?2. Describing the plan for forensic investigation?3. Outlining the research for the auditors? Answers: Introduction In any organization there has to be an effective means of carrying out the structure of work. In such case it would be important to understand the process of the work of the organization. In this regard it is also crucial that the company or the organization must have an effective centralized system to help in understanding the systems that are useful for the work (Akhgar et al. 2014). In any organization like One World Finance of OWF the system has become loosed and any system old be intrigued with the help of just few proceedings. The network is to be made effective so that information is restricted to particular systems. However, this study has tried to intervene into the methods by which the hacking or the process of dealing with the unethical intervention of office network is to be analyzed. The method that is carried in the present study is to understand the problem, the nature of the problem and the recommendations or the conclusion that can be drawn from the same. The present study includes the identifying of the issues and the proofs that can be found form the digital forensics. The complex process of digital forensics include the complete understanding of the fundamentals of computers, the aspects of criminal justice, and the general analysis of the entire process. The technology and the complex methods that are carried out to know about digital forensics in used in the current study. The plans those are followed by digital forensics include preservation, validation, collection, identification, interpretation, analysis, presentation and documentation of the facts. However, it might be said in the above case that the methodology could be framed from an abstract model. It includes an approach that may differ from one case to another. 1. Justifying the plan for digital forensics In case of the digital forensics investigation it is important to note the fact that the methods that are present are such that there is comprehensive method of approach that is applied. In such matters it is important to note that in any case of corporate investigation the method is useful. The techniques that are used these days have been to know about the status with the most modernized methods. Bednar et al. (2014) indicates the methods that are used in any corporate branch are to know about the criminal activity that is part of the offence carried out online. The basic methods that are used in the present cases include the fact of trying to make a planned development based on the incident that has happened. The next stage is to plan the evaluation process of the incident. The third stage is the assessment of the program and the next being the training of the staffs. The development of the team to carry out the work efficiently is the most important concern (Edwards, 2014). The a pproach that has been used in the present study to deal with the hacking and fraud issues may be the finding of the evidence after analyzing the problem. Then dealing with the acquisition effectively and then finally reporting. The plan that is entailed in digital forensics includes the following: Live forensics Computer forensics Database forensics Mobile forensics Network forensics The plans that may be followed by digital forensics include preservation, validation, collection, identification, interpretation, analysis, presentation and documentation of the facts. However, it might be said in the above case that the methodology could be framed from an abstract model. It includes an approach that may differ from one case to another. The prime motive of the methodology is that to collect information to the most that is possible. The impact and the problem that is to be faced by the victim are to be minimized. In the present case it may be said that the problem that marsh faced could be improved with the identification of the problem and to finally know whether the culprit was Gale. The preparation of the technique includes preparing tools, the method, search warrants and finally the surveillance. Figure 1: Network security approach for digital forensics analysis (Source: Gladyshev et al. 2011) The warranty that is received from the organization deals with the analysis of the cyber attacks and the threats that may be found even with the most effective and best methods of monitoring. The warranty is that in corporate companies there is an assurance that is to be guaranteed by the companies or the techniques that can monitor cyber crime effectively. Carayannis et al. (2009) refer this is to retain the reputation of the company or the organization efficiently. In order to know about the investigation process it is crucial to have a methodology. The methodology is to assess the situation and to analyzing the objectives that is inclusion of the investigation. The data that is collected is to secure the evidence and to process them to reach the ultimate means. The next step in the methodology entails the recovery of the data and then to perform the analysis (Holt, 2014). The identification of the attack and the importance of the timeline are to be achieved. Al the findings from the system and the analysis of the memory lead to the interaction of the management in finally making the decision process. Then there has to be a way that must be proficient in reducing future chances of the attacks. Gladyshev et al. (2011) the report that is finally found is used for different purpose like that of staff, management, litigation and law. In this regard it is important to know that there are processes that are effective in dealing with the complexity of the cyber crime. But there has to be prominent means that must be carried out so that there are certain methods that warranty the service to the corporate companies. The companies need to ensure that they have a system that is well channeled to know about the current situation (Kao and Wang, 2009). 2. Describing the plan for forensic investigation The resources that are required in case of dealing an effective forensic plan is to entail the fact, that there has to be effective monitoring through different tolls. They are effective in dealing with the system. In the ancient days there were means like that of live analysis that was used. This used to be the case in the 1980s. But with the advent of different other technologies there have been used in the computer forensics. The computer forensic tools include EnCase which is a toll that can be used or the multipurpose. Wireshark is the open source that is used to analyze the packet data. SANS investigative forensics is a system that is useful for a number of purpose. Internet evidence finder is the tool that is useful in dealing with communicative problem and in retrieving the data that are there in the hard drives (Jaswal and Thakur, 2014). Registry recon is the one that is useful in analyzing the hard drive with the registry. The information that is there in the system is used for rebuilding the case and then passing the information for analysis. EPRB is the password recovery tool that is useful in dealing with the encryption and decryption of data. Digital forensics framework is another important tools that can be used for the framework if the interfaces (Zuba, 2014). Most important tools are FTK, COFEE, MailXaminer, Categoriser 4 Pictures, Shell Control Box, X-Ways forensics. FTK is the one that that is necessary in dealing with the index that is related to the acquired data. This is a tool that can be used for a variety of purposes. COFEE is a tool that has been used to know about the Microsoft and the tools that are required in Windows. Similarly the other tools that have been mentioned above have been effective in dealing with the problems that are there in windows and the issues that may be there. The resources that are required in order to channel the monitoring and the methodology of analyzing and finding the crime include few grounds (Wykes, 2007). There has to be effective team that is well versed with the use of the techniques and to tailor the methodology efficiently. After this the team needs to know about the tolls and use them in finding the fault zone of the crime that has been committed in the present analysis. The skill is to be c hanneled and used in the most effective means. In such case it is important to note that there has to be the case like that of John Marsh where in order to understand the problem of Gale there may be use of the tools. This can make the case of Gale evident to other people that they have the problem of fraud. In case of software resources there are software that can understand the hacking and the fraud identification. In such case it is important to install the software in the system that can analyze the same. In case of the hardware there can be retrieval of information from the system. The history of the system can be accessed in dealing with the same. Resources for digital forensics (Hardware and software): In order to investigate the case of John, some effective tools as well as resources are required for the process of digital forensic investigation. However, the resources are as follows: Study tools of email: It can be utilized to access the different emails of the officers as well as employees of the company. Email study tool also can be utilized for accessing other mails those are related with server of One World Finance. File viewers: Information Manager uses this technique of file viewers in order to view different files of Johns computer. IT manager also uses this file viewer for accessing the files from the computer of Andrew. Study tool of file: It can be utilized to study some files those have become the proof of investigation. File study tools can be utilized to gather some of the hidden files of the computer. On the other hand, Edwards (2014) argued that, file study tools help to get an effective design of the mentality of the hacker. Forensic tools of server: The investigation officer to track the server of OWF uses these tools. Server forensic tools help to hide some information that can be helpful for increasing as well as decreasing the status of the company. This tool can also be helpful for catching the criminal of digital activities. Forensic investigation of database: This tool is very much helpful for accessing the database of company. However, the hacker in accordance with their intention or objective can also access the database. The hacker in the market can also sell the information of database. This can lead to the destruction of the company. Therefore, the company to see what types of information are stored there should always investigate the database. Is the information safe or unsafe? Windows tools: However, different types of tools of windows can be utilized for the process of digital forensics. Shell control box, Mail Xaminer, COFEE, X-Way forensics, FTX etc are used for the process of digital forensics. There are different tools those can be used for gathering information of Windows and the operating system of the company. Storage media: There are different types of storage media those can be utilized for storing the evidence of investigation. Different files of video, image, audio can be stored in the storage media. The software that may be used includes SANS SIFT, ProDiscover basic, voltality and so on. There are other software like that of the Sleuth kit, FTK imager, Linux dd, Caine, Oxygen Forensic suite and many more. This software could be installed to know about the intrusion and to know about the unauthorized server access. Memory forensic analysis could be made from the same with even forensic exploration of images. The tools that are available from the software is to be understood in order to access the system and the usability of the software. The hardware that could be used includes FREDC forensic network, forensic write blockers, forensic devices, signal and power cables and so on. The hardware could be effective with the integration of the processing along with the handling of the computer cases. 3. Outlining the research for the auditors In case of the auditors there has to be a comprehensive method that is to be taken by them in order to channel the same. However, it is crucial to note that there has to be certain measures that have to be used in order to have the necessary poof against the guilty. There has to be hardcore evidence that must act as a proof for the evidence that is required for identification (Panwar, 2009). The approach that is effective in dealing with the problem and then channeling the measure deals that the information that is obtained has to be authorized and must be liable for the use of investigation. Apart from this the locations that is important to know about the present case dominant to have the evidence regarding the location. There has to be a comprehensive and effective method that must be used for validating the methods and to know about the interpretation of the data that has been collected. Based on the data collected from the technique there has to be conclusions that may be drawn that is particularly at par with the data that has been collected. There could be use of certain phases by the auditors that may be effective like that of the IDIP that is Integrated Digital Investigation Process Summers et al. (2014). This method is the identification of the problem, preservation of the information that is important for the system, examining the data that has been collected and then analyzing the same. The presentation that is used in the conclusion is the fact that has been gathered from the information that has been collected. Olusi et al. (2009) points out the digital evidence in this regard can be done with the help of the detail information that is important. The tools that have which the mentioned above could be used so that there are different means by which the team that is efficient can be used. In such case it is dominant for the team to use the tools that the information that has been used unethically can be understood and retrieved. The team needs to ensure the fact that there has to be an effective structure that is to be tailored so that there may be other means. The fraud cases are to be understood in the present case and then there has to be analysis that may be done based on the cases (Nilssonand Larson, 2009). The auditors need to be aware of the allegation of the conclusion that they finally draw. This is to note the fact that there may be different forms of fraud cases but the proof that is to be delivered against the guilty needs to be appropriate and as per the ethical means. In the case of john marsh it has been found that Andrew Gal has been made responsible for the case of fraud. In this particular regard it is the duty of the IT manager to look in o the method and then to analyze the system. The proof that is to be presented against Gale has to be true and effective only to make the parson actually guilty for the work that he has done. This comes under the legal issue and so there has to be actions taken only with the necessary proof. The policies that have been used deals with the fact that there cannot be any unethical or baseless claims that can be brought about against anyone (McIntyre, 2014). The policy that is used in US is that there is Foreign policy that deals with the fact that anyone found guilty with the information and the use of the cyber crime in punishable under law. However, it also states the fact that there has to be an effective means by which there can be fake information that may be brought against someone in such case it is puni shable offence for the person who brought the unethical claim (Mansfield, 2009). Steps of Microsoft Windows-based computer: Final implementation is very much essential for suspecting the guilty. The final steps are very important for this particular scenario of the present case. The detail information is required in order to get detail information about the crime. It also helps in finding the suspected person. It can be found that centralized server can be utilized for spreading the information from Johns system to another system or emails and network of other persons. In this case, the java script can be utilized to validate the data in the operating system of the windows. In this purpose, Z-test, regression T-test can be done. On the other hand, SPSS software can be utilized to complete the purpose. Recommendations The following may be recommended for OWF can be as follows: The company needs to install few of the software that is effective in dealing with the system and there cannot be any intrusion in the information. A centralized system is t be made with the software to deal with the fact that there are no unethical means that is used to carry out the work. Every employee is to be assigned a system which must have a password that may be the fingerprint of the employee. This can ensure that there is no intrusion that is there in any other system. In case of the fingerprint password it may be said that there has to be no means by which one can enter into any others system. There may be the process of e-discovery that could be used so that any time any person tries to interfere in the system from outside or not from the assigned one there is an automatic system stoppage. This will also help in the litigation support. The support can even act as a proof so that there are means like that of the problem that is related to the one or the group who tried to intervene in the most unethical means. The recommendation that has been given can be effective to know about the basic problem and to tailor the means so that the negative and the unethical means are not used by the company or the employees in any way. Conclusion It may be concluded in this respect that there has to be a effective channeling and monitoring process that can be done in order to know about the present cyber crime problems. Forensic digital may have a number of issues that is relating to the problem that is faced by the people or organization in these days. It may be said in this regard that there may be a number of means that could be used so that there is the proper analysis of the problem. The problem needs to be understood from the grass root level and then there has to be efficient means by which there may be use of the tools. The tools need to be used as per the specific issue that has been faced. The present study has helped in understanding the policies and the methodology that can be used before using the tools finally. References Akhgar, B., Staniforth, A. and Bosco, F. (2014). Cyber crime and cyber terrorism investigator's handbook. Waltham, MA: Syngress. Bednar, P., Katos, V. and Hennell, C. (2014). On the complexity of collaborative cyber crime investigations. DEESLR, 6(0). Carayannis, E., Campbell, D. and Efthymiopoulos, M. (2009). Cyber-development, cyber-democracy and cyber defense. Dhanjani, N., Rios, B. and Hardin, B. (2009).Hacking. Beijing: O'Reilly. Edwards, C. (2014). Ending identity theft and cyber crime. Biometric Technology Today, 2014(2), pp.9-11. Gladyshev, P., Marrington, A. and Baggili, I. (2011.). Digital forensics and cyber crime. Holt, T. (2014). Cyber war will not take place, by Thomas Rid. Global Crime, 15(1-2), pp.206-208. Jaswal, V. and Thakur, S. (2014). Cyber Crime and Information Technology Act, 2000. New Delhi: Regal Publications. Kao, D. and Wang, S. (2009). The IP address and time in cyber crime investigation. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies Management, 32(2), pp.194-208. Mansfield-Devine, S. (2009). Google hacking 101.Network Security, 2009(3), pp.4-6. Mansfield-Devine, S. (2009). Hacking the hackers.Computer Fraud Security, 2009(6), pp.10-13. McIntyre, L. (2014). Cyber-Takings: The War on Crime Moves into the Cloud. Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy, 14(2). Ndubueze, P. and Igbo, E. (2013). Third Parties and Cyber-Crime Policing in Nigeria: Some Reflections. Policing, 8(1), pp.59-68. Nilsson, D. and Larson, U. (2009). Conducting Forensic Investigations of Cyber Attacks on Automobile In-Vehicle Networks. International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics, 1(2), pp.28-41. Nuredini, A. (2014). CHALLENGES IN COMBATING THE CYBER CRIME. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. Olusi, F., Aguele, L., Ihumuaibvi, P. and Edobor, R. (2009). Students Perception of Cyber Crime in Edo State: Implications for Teaching and Learning. Lwati: A Journal of Contemporary Research, 6(1). Panwar, A. (2009). Cyber Crime Through Social Engineering. SSRN Journal. Summers, S., Schwarzenegger, C., Ege, G. and Young, F. (2014). The Emergence of EU Criminal Law. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Wykes, M. (2007). Constructing crime: Culture, stalking, celebrity and cyber. Crime, Media, Culture, 3(2), pp.158-174. Zuba, M. (2014). Defending students from cyber crime. XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students, 20(3), pp.11-11.

Internet Search Essays - Internet Search Engines, Internet Marketing

Internet Search I recently took a workshop on how to use the Internet. I thought that writing an essay on "how to use the Internet" would help me to remember what I learned and already knew previous to the workshop. When you go on the Internet, you may have a specific destination in mind or you may wish to browse through the Web, the way you would browse through a library or a book, looking for topics or things that interest you. This browsing is often called "Surfing the Net". There are several ways to get around on the Web. (1) Using Web addresses; To get to a special destination, such as the search engine "Yahoo" you'll type in its Internet address (e.g.. www.yahoo.com) in the space provided on the Web browser. This space looks like a long narrow box at the top of your computer screen. Web addresses, sometimes referred to as uniform resource locators (URL), begin with http://, which stands for hypertext transfer protocol. After you type in the Web address, it may take awhile for the site's home page to appear on the screen, especially if it includes numerous pictures. Once it does, you'll probably see several choices you can click your mouse on to take you further into the site. If you type in an address incorrectly, or too many people are trying to use a site at once, you'll get an error message on your computer screen (e.g. just try again). (2) How to follow links you may find on various web pages; Many sites include hypertext links to other sites with related content. When you click on one of these highlighted areas, your computer will connect to another Web site without your having to know or type its address. (3) How to use different types of search engines; Search engines are programs that you can select from your Web browser to let you to search the Internet by keywords or topics. Lets say you want to know more about Vice President Al Gore, for example, you can click on a search engine, enter his name, then pull up several Web sites for further research. (4) How to use the Internet to do a Research Paper; The assignment is to write a two to three page essay on the life of Vice President Al Gore. You should include facts about his life, his greatest accomplishments, and why you believe he may deserve to be the next President of the United States. (5) To find this information you sign onto the Internet; Once connected, click the mouse on the search key. From the menu, select a search engine based on your topic. I suggest using Yahoo. At the subject box, type in Vice President Al Gore and click on the search key. Now review the search results: "Found 1 category and 19 site matches for Vice President Al Gore". Select one or all site matches with the click of your mouse (all sites are underlined). Each site has additional sites for more information. Just like you would do research from a book, take the appropriate information you want and write your essay from it. After practicing for a while, I have found the Internet to be easy to use. It can provide helpful and interesting information for just about anything you could imagine it to.

Free sample - Death. translation missing

Death. DeathSuzan -Lori Parks is an American artist, who stayed in Germany for quite some time when she was young. As a writer, she received several awards in 2001 and 2002 consecutively. Parks was heavily influenced by Faulkner’s book ‘As I Lay Dying’, written in multiple perspectives. Her own version, ‘Getting Mother’s Body’, borrows heavily from Faulkner’s book in terms of stylistic devices and plot arrangement. On the other hand, William Faulkner who at one time was awarded an award for literature back in 1950s was a child of Murray Charles. Born in America, his writing skills are well known with several stories and novels to his credit. His style of writing is connected to modernism European literature; which is why the reader unless very keen and highly intuitive, cannot grab anything until may be later in the text. Back in 1930, ‘As I Lay Dying’ was brought in the lime light by William Faulkner. The text revolves around Addie Bundren sickness, her eventual death and burial ceremony. In the text, the author uses the family of the deceased to communicate their information through monologue. The late is not caught in many incidences by the reader using monologue apart from when she is pronouncing her burial site. In this article, the focus will be in one specific way in which Lori Parks in her text Getting Mother’s Body 2003, echoes and perhaps rewrites William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying 1930. It will focus on how a specific theme of death is focused in the latter as echoed in the former. The essay will bring on the surface how death is witnessed in the two books beyond the literal meaning of the word. Like for example, how is death experienced in marriages? What causes the death of characters? How is it received by the bereaved? In the two books, the theme of death is evident and is being represented by the two mothers in each case.   Just like in Faulkner’s book where the family is moving with the body of their dead mother in preparation for burial in the upcountry, in Parks text, Billy Beede is soliciting for support from his close friends and family to help get the body of her mother given that the burial location is being taken over by a shopping mall enterprise. In Parks’ text, the mother’s blues songs are used symbolically by the author to show her message while in Faulkner’s text the mum talks while in the burial box. In this text, the author engineers the death of Billy’s mother to come when she is only ten years of age and this leaves her with a lot of problems as the only people who can take care of her is the aunt and the uncle. On the other hand, Faulkner brings on the surface the little children of Addie when she dies. Although the father is still alive, the family is very poor and they even struggle to give her a decent burial. In Getting Mother’s Body by Parks, the death of Billy’s mother left her so disappointed now that she was an orphan and she was living in Texas town which was being associated with poverty. This is also the same case in Faulkner’s text when Cash the eldest son of Addie makes her a coffin way before she had died. The death of Addie Bundren in Faulkner’s text is received by the family members differently. The youngest son Vandram likens her death to that of a fish he manages to trap some hours back. He is so disturbed that her mother is closed in a box. Just like Billy Beede gets pregnant while still a teenager, the same happens to Dewey Dell in Faulkner’s book in that she gets pregnant while still a teenager. Another echo in form of thematic concern of death by Parks is the death that is experienced in marriages. In the text ‘Getting Mother’s Body’, Billy is unfortunate to get pregnant while she is hardly eighteen years of age. On getting pregnant, she parts way with her estranged boyfriend. This can be viewed as a death of a relationship which emanates from the love that the two had dying. On the other hand, in the text ‘As I lay Dying’ Faulkner’s exposes Dewey Dell as experiencing the same type of death in her affair with Lafe. This is clearly brought immediately after her mother dies so much so that she is so frustrated that she cannot even be in a position to mourn the death of her mother. Going by this, it is evident that parks echoed Faulkner’s book only that in the latter’s text the girl gets pregnant immediately her mother dies while in the former’s it come after some time. In Parks text, ‘Getting Mother’s Body’ the sudden death of Willa Mae’s marriage is brought out. When this happens, she decides to move in with Dill Smiles. After some time Billy is born although she is dark skinned owing to her mother’s many lovers. This is after the death of her former marriage which equally does not seem to work magic for her. On the other hand, in Faulkner’s text, the marriage of Addie Bundren is headed for the rocks due to poverty. This leads to constant quarrels between her and Anse Bundren her husband. The theme of death is further emphasized in the two books on how the bereaved behave upon the death of a loved one. For instance, when Willa Mae succumbs, owing to self induced miscarriage, Dill Smiles, upon receiving the shocking information, avails himself in hospital just in time to offer her a decent burial as the deceased had requested. Willa, as it is revealed in the text, had been buried with very expensive jewels. This is a clearly indication how the dead are honored by those left behind. On the other hand, the death of Addie Bundren is taken with a lot of seriousness by all and sundry in Faulkner’s text. Upon her death after a long illness, her son Cash takes his time to build a coffin just for his mother. He does this with a lot of seriousness as he takes into account all his skill to come up with something magnificent just for her mother. On the burial ceremony day, the same honor for the dead is witnessed where people sing in honor of Addie. The men are also seen o bserving silence as a sign of respect and honor to the deceased. In the same way dill smiles honors the wish of Willa Mae on where she will be buried, Anse Bundren tries so much to honor the request of her wife although by the time she dies he is very broke. It is amazing how the dying women talk in their deathbed. In Parks’ text, ‘Getting’s Mother’s Body’, Willa talks to dill smiles on where to be buried. She also reveals her affair with an affluent man who gave her an expensive ring. She requests to be buried with it. In Faulkner’s text, Addie Bundren talks on her deathbed about her affair with a rich man from the town. This she says led to a very miserable marriage to her husband Anse Bundren. It is the same infidelity that resulted to the birth of Jewel just like in Parks’ it led to Billy’s birth. The theme of death is further emphasized in different ways by the two authors. In Parks’ text, the death is symbolically brought through self induced miscarriage by Willa Mae. It is clearly seen in the text how the writer engineered Willa’s death through abortion that turns sour. This is meant by the author to show the reader how dangerous abortion is, that it can result to death. In Faulkner’s text, the author uses the younger son to compare the death of Willa with that of a fish. It can be explained to say that the death of the fish is symbolic of Willa’s death just as the young son observes. It is also surprising how everybody relates everything to death. Upon the death of her mother Jewel also tends to think that his horse was dead. In a strange but equally humorous way, the two authors bring on the surface the death of the unborn. In Parks’ text, Willa Mae meets her death while she was trying to kill the unborn child in her womb. As fate would have it the unfortunate happens. This might have been used by the author to caution on the dangers that comes with abortion. In Faulkner’s book, Dewey Dell attempts to commit the same mistake that Willa did although her efforts to try and buy a medicine to induce abortion is cut short by a pharmacy attendant who takes her to bed. Finally, the last nail on the coffin of Anse’s marriage to Addie is witnessed when he introduces his new bride to his children. In conclusion, Parks’ text, ‘Getting Mother’s Body’ borrows heavily from Faulkner’s text ‘As I lay Down’ in many perspective. The same thematic concerns addressed in the former’s book are the same in the latter’s. All in all, parks have given the story a different meaning and it sounds more interesting compared with the original text.

Using Significant Figures and Scientific Notation

Using Significant Figures and Scientific Notation When making a measurement, a scientist can only reach a certain level of precision, limited either by the tools being used or the physical nature of the situation. The most obvious example is measuring distance. Consider what happens when measuring the distance an object moved using a tape measure (in metric units). The tape measure is likely broken down into the smallest units of millimeters. Therefore, theres no way that you can measure with a precision greater than a millimeter. If the object moves 57.215493 millimeters, therefore, we can only tell for sure that it moved 57 millimeters (or 5.7 centimeters or 0.057 meters, depending on the preference in that situation). In general, this level of rounding is fine. Getting the precise movement of a normal-sized object down to a millimeter would be a pretty impressive achievement, actually. Imagine trying to measure the motion of a car to the millimeter, and youll see that,  in general, this isnt necessary. In the cases where such precision is necessary, youll be using tools that are much more sophisticated than a tape measure. The number of meaningful numbers in a measurement is called the number of significant figures of the number. In the earlier example, the 57-millimeter answer would provide us with 2 significant figures in our measurement. Zeroes and Significant Figures Consider the number 5,200. Unless told otherwise, it is generally the common practice to assume that only the two non-zero digits are significant. In other words, it is assumed that this number was rounded  to the nearest hundred. However, if the number is written as 5,200.0, then it would have five significant figures. The decimal point and following zero is only added if the measurement is precise to that level. Similarly, the number 2.30 would have three significant figures, because the zero at the end is an indication that the scientist doing the measurement did so at that level of precision. Some textbooks have also introduced the convention that a decimal point at the end of a whole number indicates significant figures as well. So 800. would have three significant figures while 800 has only one significant figure. Again, this is somewhat variable depending on the textbook. Following are some examples of different numbers of significant figures, to help solidify the concept: One significant figure49000.00002Two significant figures3.70.005968,0005.0Three significant figures9.640.0036099,9008.00900. (in some textbooks) Mathematics With Significant Figures Scientific figures provide some different rules for mathematics than what you are introduced to in your mathematics class. The key in using significant figures is to be sure that you are maintaining the same level of precision throughout the calculation. In mathematics, you keep all of the numbers from your result, while in scientific work you frequently round based on the significant figures involved. When adding or subtracting scientific data, it is only last digit (the digit the furthest to the right) which matters. For example, lets assume that were adding three different distances: 5.324 6.8459834 3.1 The first term in the addition problem has four significant figures, the second has eight, and the third has only two. The precision, in this case, is determined by the shortest decimal point. So you will perform your calculation, but instead of 15.2699834 the result will be 15.3, because you will round to the tenths place (the first place after the decimal point), because while two of your measurements are more precise the third cant tell you anything more than the tenths place, so the result of this addition problem can only be that precise as well. Note that your final answer, in this case, has three significant figures, while none of your starting numbers did. This can be very confusing to beginners, and its important to pay attention to that property of addition and subtraction. When multiplying or dividing scientific data, on the other hand, the number of significant figures do matter. Multiplying significant figures will always result in a solution that has the same significant figures as the smallest significant figures you started with. So, on to the example: 5.638 x 3.1 The first factor has four significant figures and the second factor has two significant figures. Your solution will, therefore, end up with two significant figures. In this case, it will be 17 instead of 17.4778. You perform the calculation then round your solution to the correct number of significant figures. The extra precision in the multiplication wont hurt, you just dont want to give a false level of precision in your final solution. Using Scientific Notation Physics deals with realms of space from the size of less than a proton to the size of the universe. As such, you end up dealing with some very large and very small numbers. Generally, only the first few of these numbers are significant. No one is going to (or able to) measure the width of the universe to the nearest millimeter. Note This portion of the article deals with manipulating exponential numbers (i.e. 105, 10-8, etc.) and it is assumed that the reader has a grasp of these mathematical concepts. Though the topic can be tricky for many students, it is beyond the scope of this article to address. In order to manipulate these numbers easily, scientists use  scientific notation. The significant figures are listed, then multiplied by ten to the necessary power. The speed of light is written as: [blackquote shadeno]2.997925 x 108  m/s There are 7 significant figures and this is much better than writing 299,792,500 m/s. Note The speed of light is frequently written as 3.00 x 108  m/s, in which case there are only three significant figures. Again, this is a matter of what level of precision is necessary. This notation is very handy for multiplication. You follow the rules described earlier for multiplying the significant numbers, keeping the smallest number of significant figures, and then you multiply the magnitudes, which follows the additive rule of exponents. The following example should help you visualize it: 2.3 x 103  x 3.19 x 104   7.3 x 107 The product has only two significant figures and the order of magnitude is 107  because 103  x 104   107 Adding scientific notation can be very easy or very tricky, depending on the situation. If the terms are of the same order of magnitude (i.e. 4.3005 x 105  and 13.5 x 105), then you follow the addition rules discussed earlier, keeping the highest place value as your rounding location and keeping the magnitude the same, as in the following example: 4.3005 x 105   13.5 x 105   17.8 x 105 If the order of magnitude is different, however, you have to work a bit to get the magnitudes the same, as in the following example, where one term is on the magnitude of 105  and the other term is on the magnitude of 106: 4.8 x 105   9.2 x 106   4.8 x 105   92 x 105   97 x 105or4.8 x 105   9.2 x 106   0.48 x 106   9.2 x 106   9.7 x 106 Both of these solutions are the same, resulting in 9,700,000 as the answer. Similarly, very small numbers are frequently written in scientific notation as well, though with a negative exponent on the magnitude instead of the positive exponent. The mass of an electron is: 9.10939 x 10-31  kg This would be a zero, followed by a decimal point, followed by 30  zeroes, then the series of 6 significant figures. No one wants to write that out, so scientific notation is our friend. All the rules outlined above are the same, regardless of whether the exponent is positive or negative. The Limits of Significant Figures Significant figures are a basic means that scientists use to provide a measure of precision to the numbers they are using. The rounding process involved still introduces a measure of error into the numbers, however, and in very high-level computations there are other statistical methods that get used. For virtually all of the physics that will be done in the high school and college-level classrooms, however, correct use of significant figures will be sufficient to maintain the required level of precision. Final Comments Significant figures can be a significant stumbling block when first introduced to  students because it alters some of the basic mathematical rules that they have been taught for years. With significant figures, 4 x 12 50, for example. Similarly, the introduction of scientific notation to students who may not be fully comfortable with exponents or exponential rules can also create problems. Keep in mind that these are tools which everyone who studies science had to learn at some point, and the rules are actually very basic. The trouble is almost entirely remembering which rule is applied at which time. When do I add exponents and when do I subtract them? When do I move the decimal point to the left and when to the right? If you keep practicing these tasks, youll get better at them until they become second nature. Finally, maintaining proper units can be tricky. Remember that you cant directly add centimeters and meters, for example, but must first convert them into the same scale. This is a common mistake for beginners but, like the rest, it is something that can very easily be overcome by slowing down, being careful, and thinking about what youre doing.

Leadership and Organisational Development Style Essay

Leadership and Organisational Development Style - Essay Example This culture has been described by Hofstede (1983) as akin to a "mental programming" is shared among persons from similar backgrounds. Hofstede has shown that cultures differ in the way they view and interpret the world. Therefore, the management of persons within these cultures can often differ as well. In fact, Hofstede further points out that one should not take for granted that management and leadership methods that work in one cultural arena will do as well in another (1983). In a multicultural society, it is necessary that managers and leaders become aware of the different dimensions of employees and/or followers that exist. It is also necessary that they study the different theories of management and leadership in order to gain insight into how to deal with the different personalities and cultures that are (or might be) represented in their leadership arena (2005). The study of each method of management therefore adds to the repertoire of options a manager and leader possesses to aid in dealing with different situations that may arise. He or she may not use all the knowledge at once, but the acquisition of this knowledge leaves the manager or leader more equipped to deal with situations as employees, followers, and their situations as they change with time. Overview of Oprah Winfrey's Style The leadership style of Oprah Winfrey has demonstrated that these theories and models of leadership often put forth such well-defined characteristics of leadership that few (if any) persons could fit into any one model. Winfrey owns and manages Harpo Productions Inc., a conglomerate that contains her own talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show, as well as Dr. Phil and other television movies. Among other ventures, she also manages the publishing of the successful magazine O and is part-owner of the Oxygen Media, which houses, among other things, a cable network (Sellers, 2002). As manager of so many different business entities, she acts a leader to her hundreds of employees. This queen of talk shows and businesswoman extraordinaire evinces a style of leadership that comes closest to the Transformational Leadership Model, as this model is expressed through combination of the traits of several other theories. Yet, certain transitional periods of her tenure as leader of Harpo Productions have caused her to demonstrate traces of many of the other theories of leadership. This study will provide an analysis of her leadership style within the framework of the different sectors of her conglomerate. Analysis of Oprah Winfrey's Leadership Style: Transformational Theory Trait Theories The Transformational Theory of leadership is known to mix some aspects of Trait Theory with the behavioural theories. Alimo-Metcalfe and Alban-Metcalfe (2005) reviewed the leadership styles of over 3,500 leaders at varying levels of the corporate hierarchy. These researchers found that a model emerged that at once supported and went beyond the Transformation model and led to the development of a "360-degree" Transformational Leadership instrument (questionnaire). The instrument was found

Texas City Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Texas City Case Study - Essay Example The gas condensed into a liquid that was ultimately ignited by an idling truck. The workers on the crew that overfilled the tank, as well as the driver of the idling truck are in this sense directly responsible for the disaster. They violated proper procedure and those failing to intervene or report these violates are culpable. This culpability is mitigated by the requirement that fatigue workers work 12 hour shifts, in the context of normative, company-led safety violations and lack of safety training, functioning alarms and other safety equipment. The driver of the truck, while perhaps the most proximate individual trigger for the disaster, is fairly neutral in terms of culpability, having no knowledge of the gas inside the tank. Laudability and culpability are mixed, though weighted more toward culpability when it comes to the government body tasked with overseeing workplace safety. OSHA, despite issuing a warning to BP before the disaster, OSHA failed to instigate comprehensive inspections. This lax attitude nullified the lastline of defense against such tragedy. Merritt, lead investigator for the CSB, said that â€Å"the drastic effects of corporate cost-cutting† caused the fire. At the time of the disaster, the company had recently merged with Arco. Low oil prices put pressure on management that ultimately resulted in the most culpable decisions leading to the disaster; lack of investment in plant safety and infrastructure, deliberate skirting of needed safety equipment and precautions, as well as staff cuts and overwork. According to the CSB, BP managers cut capital spending and spending on maintenance in the years leading to the disaster, and following years of low investment. This was, however, an industry norm at the time. Safety features such as alarms were not present or not working, while the layout

Victor Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Victor Frankenstein Essay His horror at how playing God has backfired is exemplified more by associating his creation with Dante and hell, whilst also referring to him as a demoniacal corpse, showing tremendous contrast from his original intentions. Because the reader doesnt yet know what (if anything) is going through the mind of the monster, it is only natural that they can sympathize with Frankenstein, and pity him in his fear and disappointment whether they believe him to be foolish and arrogant or not. After him being occupied with nothing but his work for so long, the arrival of Clerval serves as a reminder to the reader and Frankenstein of his family back home, bringing back an element of normality in Victors thoughts. When he falls ill, he is cared for and written to, showing that no matter how much he may have neglected his family he is still lucky to have them to care for him, whereas his monster has nothing and nobody. The next time we hear from the creation is when Victor encounters him on his way to Geneva. Without any real evidence, he immediately blames his fiend for the murder of William and is no less than degrading with his description of him. Saying that a flash of light illuminated the object quickly gives us an impression of the creature being sinister, as we normally associate lightning with being threatening. The fact that Victor objectifies his creation also shows how he is looked upon by his creator as a simple thing that only resembles a living being. Throughout the next few chapters, Shelley makes us feel sorry for Victors family and possibly Victor himself by using the death of Justine and William effectively. When it seems clear to Victor that these two people have died because of his actions, he has an epiphany-like moment. Besides from the initial thrill and enthusiasm he first felt; Victor knows that his dream has caused him nothing but pain. He says that his guilt hurried [him] away to a hell of intense tortures, such as no language can describe, this is certainly giving us the impression that he feels sorry for himself. He becomes angry at his creation: I gnashed my teeth, my eyes became inflamed even though he has no proof that the fiend had anything to do with the murder, he curses him for it without any doubt. However he also reflects that I , not in deed, but in effect was the true murderer. This is showing how Victor is coming to take responsibility for his actions and suffering in shame for them. Having walked into the mountains and met his creature, he threatens and insults him; labeling him as a vile insect and stating his desire to trample him. He condemns the monster in such a way, although if there were other people who knew about his experiments and results, it could be that he would be condemned too. The creation replies that as long as they both exist they are bound together and that Victor has a duty towards him as a creator even if he has been so far abandoned. Not really acknowledging what his creature said, Victor becomes then so angry that he throws away an amount of dignity and begins attacking his creation in vain. His enraged turn to physical violence while the creation only wishes to talk shows a darker side of Frankenstein and is an interesting comparison as the monster doesnt want to set himself in opposition. He likens himself to Adam and the fallen angel; again hinting at Victors old desires of playing God, as well as the fact that he greeted his creation with the word devil. Likening Geneva to Eden, and the Creation to be the forbidden fruit, Victor also plays the role of Adam, who lived in paradise before the temptation for more caused him to lose what he had. The monster uses words like abhor, spurn and detest frequently, which embellishes his anguish further. The creation asks Victor: Will no entreaties cause thee a favourable eye upon thy creature, who implores thy goodness and compassion? This is clearly a rhetorical question, and it tempts the reader again to doubt Victor and consider how he seems to be selfish and doesnt recognize his creature as a being capable of thought and emotions. You accuse me of murder; and yet you would with a satisfied conscience, destroy your own creature. This gives the impression that the monster knows Victor sees him as sub-human, and not allowed regular justice as is given to normal people. Here Frankenstein uses the word wretched to describe himself rather than his creation, which leaves the reader to compare these two characters further still. Defeated in knowing that if he did not listen to the fiend, his life would most certainly become more miserable; he finally accepts responsibility and lets the creature tell his story. It is likely that Shelley uses the oxymoron-like term odious companion to express the start of Victor having mixed feelings other than hatred towards his creation. Although superhuman in abilities and monstrous in appearance, the Creation is shown to have all of the emotional traits of a human being. As mentioned previously, after he is first brought to life his mind resembles that of a child and he learns and develops knowledge the hard way. When he is talking about the time directly after he was created; although it is not said directly, Shelley uses short phrases fragmented frequently by commas to give a sense that the creature is bewildered. I was a poor, miserable, helpless wretch I sat down and wept. Because he doesnt understand anything and is left to roam outside with only whatever thoughts instinctively occur within him, he is incredibly frightened and like a teething child; he can only weep. As he becomes accustomed to the world he grows to be curious about nature, which he doesnt yet know that he is contrasted against, and this natural beauty inspires him initially to do good things. When he attempts to imitate birdsong, he realizes that the sounds he makes are uncouth and inarticulate; he is frightened by the sound of his own voice. He is shown to have a likeness to prehistoric man in that he has to learn everything himself. His first encounter with a human other than his creator is an anonymous old man. Upon seeing the creation, the man flees immediately, afraid. This happens again on a larger scale, when he enters a village he is rejected and chased out with weapons purely based on his appearance. This gives the creation a skewed view on humanity and leads him to start questioning himself and what he is. Soon after him being driven from the village he first sees the members of the DeLacey family, and is shown to have yet more human characteristics and emotions. I felt sensations of a peculiar and overpowering nature: they were a mixture of pain and pleasure such as I had never experienced. When he beholds the music played by the old man to the young girl, he is overwhelmed by the beauty of what he sees and displays empathy. It is here that he also experiences a desire to have friends and later suffers from pangs of guilt when he secretly takes food from the family in order to feed himself. The creation shows his sympathy and willingness to do good things when he gathers firewood for the family. His behaviour is altruistic, with him gaining nothing except to be able to watch how happy he has made the family by helping them. While staying around the house of the DeLacey family, his personality changes according to experience, whilst he slowly realizes the extent to which he is different from them and everyone else. He begins to refer to them as my cottagers, feeling a human sense of attachment to them, even though they are oblivious to his being there. His deformity betrays him when he makes out his reflection in a pool of water, and he realizes why people have fled from him, but still wonders what it would be like if he could keep the family in high spirits. As well as Shelley using these kind deeds to elevate him above Victor, it is noticeable how the creation constantly admires natures beauty, whereas when Frankenstein is building him, the creator simply ignores the scenery and environment around him. His aspiration to do kind things drives the monster to learn to read, and when he finds several books in the woods, he is led by them to ask himself whether or not he has an ultimate purpose, or any purpose at all. This ongoing existential crisis could be debatably the same for humans also, but it has a great effect on the creation because he knows he is different from anything within the books he has studied. He declares himself as a blot upon the earth and curses his creator whom he realizes he did not ask to create him. The main turning point for the monster is during his brief meeting with the blind old man of the DeLacey family. By this point in the novel, Shelley has shown us how his need for emotional warmth has swelled hugely, much as Victors anxiety that almost amounted to agony, shortly before he was to become heavily disappointed also, and drawing yet another comparison between the two protagonists. The creation is well spoken when he finally comes to have a conversation with a member of the family, showing how much effort he has put into his quest for company. The fact that to the blind man he seems like any other normal person helps Shelley to create more sympathy when he is eventually driven away. The creation tells the old man how he tenderly loves the cottagers, confirming the feeling of attachment which has only been hinted at before. But they believe that I wish to injure them, and it is that prejudice which I wish to overcome. This quotation shows how the monster has learnt exactly why he is rejected by human beings, but still hopes that he can salvage some friendship from them. The old man says to him how there is something in his words that persuades him that he is sincere, embellishing further the point that the creation is perfectly capable of passing as a human without his visual deformities. When the two young members of the family return, however, the creation is clinging to the legs of the blind man in a desperate flail for help. The aforementioned prejudice against him causes his actions to be misinterpreted much like earlier in the novel when Victor thinks that the fiend wished to detain him. With his hopes destroyed, the creation grows incredibly angry with human beings and declares an everlasting war against them. After how he has been treated this decision seems like a fair one, as they seem to be the source of all his anguish. There is a strange balance between him and humanity in that although to him they appear to be beautiful creatures that he only wants to interact with; their actions toward him are always negative. Whereas the creations actions toward mankind are at first positive, and to them he appears to be a vile and hideous monster to be scorned and avoided. He insinuates this himself when he finds the locket containing a picture of Elizabeth. I was ever deprived of the delights that such beautiful creatures could bestow in regarding me, would have changed that air of divine benignity to one of expressive disgust and affright. This is exemplified again when he rescues a young girl from drowning and is shot in return; again only trying to do good but seeing his own benign actions misinterpreted. This then leads him firstly to attempt to kidnap William, who even as a young child is shown to be prejudiced against him. To the reader his decision to kill who he knows to be a relative of Frankenstein seems less shocking because of his miserable story so far. Being kind to humans has only resulted in their rejection of him, and so it seems almost justified that he should take the opposite direction. After the deed is done, he tells how his heart swelled with exultation and hellish triumph and goes on to mention how he will enjoy punishing his creator further. Here is the creations transformation into the vengeful being that he is seen as to other characters. When the creation asks for his own companion it is no surprise due to his attitudes toward the creation so far that Victor initially refuses. It is easy for us to be compassionate toward the monster, because he only wants what we has humans mostly want, and that is to not be alone. He does not ask for much, and is willing to be banished and cast away by humankind if he can only have an Eve for him as Adam. As the story in this segment is told from Victors point of view, it contains much less sympathy and we see the creation again from the prejudiced human point of view: his face was wrinkled into contortions too horrible for human eyes to behold . However, Victor eventually softens to the creations plea, and sees good logic in keeping him contented, accepting responsibility for what he has created. I sometimes felt a wish to console him; but when I looked upon him, when I saw the filthy mass that moved and talked, my heart sickened This shows consideration for the monster but this time from Victors point of view. It is again reiterating how other than his appearance and strength, the monster is just like a human, and is capable of feeling emotions and receiving pity. Doubts about the benefit of creating a companion begin to manifest themselves in Victor as he grows nearer to creating his second creature. Unlike the first time he carried out this task, his heart is not in it as he knows that what he creates will be nothing like his original intentions that he had years ago. Just as now all Victor wishes to do is to settle down with Elizabeth, the creations only desire is to have a partner also. It is ironic that after Victor destroys what was to be the monsters companion, the creation says how despite Victor being his creator, he is his creators master. The creation is clearly mortified and crushed by Victors actions, knowing that he has been condemned to suffer alone, even after enduring incalculable fatigue, and cold, and hunger. Victor remains inexorable despite all of the creations threats and in the heat of the moment doesnt seem to care that this choice will probably be his own undoing. Strangely, when being tortured by the fiend, as well as being consumed by guilt, Victor is faintly selfish. He says no creature had ever been so miserable as I was although to the reader it is glaringly clear that the monster has been lonely much longer than he has, and that if the creation is trying to prove a point to his master, then Victor is stubbornly refusing to take note of it. When everything dear to him is lost, he sees that his only remaining duty is to destroy what he has unleashed on the world. His dedication to his final quest is shown at the beginning of the novel, where Waltons description of him shows us how he has driven himself to death. His limbs were nearly frozen, and his body dreadfully emaciated by fatigue and suffering. I never saw a man in so wretched a condition. Here the word wretched is used again, this time to describe Victor, and not the creation, and yet another time Victor has become emaciated by his obsessive want to achieve something, compared with how he became as he was building his creature. Not long before his death, Victor shows us how despite his stubborn nature, he admits that he has failed, and tries to teach Walton that he should avoid ambition. Even if it is too late, this shows a great change in Victors character and his view of the boundaries of humanity before he passes away. The creation boards the boat and recounts some of his point of view to Walton when he discovers his creators demise. In his closing speech, the creation talks about all of the death and destruction that he has wrought. Think you that the groans of Clerval were music to my ears?

Dennis Kozlowski: The Implications of Unethical Behavior Essay

Brief Historical Summary Dennis Kozlowski, is the former Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Tyco International Ltd. During his tenure, Kozlowski engaged in activities that were considered unethical. In 2005 Kozlowski was convicted of misappropriation of corporate funds. Kozlowski had been involved in illegal and unethical behavior during most of his tenure. The findings that lead to the conviction of the former CEO were due to the persistent questioning and interrogating tactics of the shareholders and stakeholders because Kozlowski held within his authority to make decisions that could change the course of the company. Business ethics, auditing practices, and government regulations will forever be affected by the $500 million loss endured by the company. Needless to say this scandal had an major impact on the economy and the business world. Kozlowski’s long line of bad decision making is used by businesses as well as academics as an examples of unethical behavior and why internal controls are important to corporate governance. As the primary indicator of performance, corporate governance reports often display the strength and weaknesses of the company but are only as reliable as the set of values and ethics of the person’s implementing the rules. â€Æ' Unethical behavior/event examined Was it unethical practices, poor governmental regulations, or bad organizational behavior that lead Kozlowski to make the decisions that lead to the 2005 conviction? Vasile (2004) defined business ethics as â€Å"learning what is right and what is wrong and simply doing what is right† (p. 2). However, the actions attached to the decisions are not always as easily derived. In most instances, leaders are faced with making the decision as to what is... ...934 USA Today. (2005) Timeline of Tyco International Scandal. Retrieved from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/manufacturing/2005-06-17-tyco- timeline_x.htm Valentine, S., & Fleischman, G. (2008). Professional ethical standards, corporate social responsibility, and the perceived role of ethics and social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(3), 657-666. doi:10.1007/s10551-007-9584-0 Bandsuch, M., Pate, L., & Thies, J. (2008). Rebuilding stakeholder trust in business: An examination of principle-centered leadership and organizational transparency in corporate governance. Business & Society Review. 113(1), 99-127. doi:10.1111/j.1467- 8594.2008.00315.x Caldwell, C., Hayes, L.A., & Long, D.T., (2010). Leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship. Journal of Business Ethics. 96:497–512. doi: 10.1007/s10551-010-0489-y Dennis Kozlowski: The Implications of Unethical Behavior Essay Brief Historical Summary Dennis Kozlowski, is the former Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Tyco International Ltd. During his tenure, Kozlowski engaged in activities that were considered unethical. In 2005 Kozlowski was convicted of misappropriation of corporate funds. Kozlowski had been involved in illegal and unethical behavior during most of his tenure. The findings that lead to the conviction of the former CEO were due to the persistent questioning and interrogating tactics of the shareholders and stakeholders because Kozlowski held within his authority to make decisions that could change the course of the company. Business ethics, auditing practices, and government regulations will forever be affected by the $500 million loss endured by the company. Needless to say this scandal had an major impact on the economy and the business world. Kozlowski’s long line of bad decision making is used by businesses as well as academics as an examples of unethical behavior and why internal controls are important to corporate governance. As the primary indicator of performance, corporate governance reports often display the strength and weaknesses of the company but are only as reliable as the set of values and ethics of the person’s implementing the rules. â€Æ' Unethical behavior/event examined Was it unethical practices, poor governmental regulations, or bad organizational behavior that lead Kozlowski to make the decisions that lead to the 2005 conviction? Vasile (2004) defined business ethics as â€Å"learning what is right and what is wrong and simply doing what is right† (p. 2). However, the actions attached to the decisions are not always as easily derived. In most instances, leaders are faced with making the decision as to what is... ...934 USA Today. (2005) Timeline of Tyco International Scandal. Retrieved from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/manufacturing/2005-06-17-tyco- timeline_x.htm Valentine, S., & Fleischman, G. (2008). Professional ethical standards, corporate social responsibility, and the perceived role of ethics and social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(3), 657-666. doi:10.1007/s10551-007-9584-0 Bandsuch, M., Pate, L., & Thies, J. (2008). Rebuilding stakeholder trust in business: An examination of principle-centered leadership and organizational transparency in corporate governance. Business & Society Review. 113(1), 99-127. doi:10.1111/j.1467- 8594.2008.00315.x Caldwell, C., Hayes, L.A., & Long, D.T., (2010). Leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship. Journal of Business Ethics. 96:497–512. doi: 10.1007/s10551-010-0489-y

Carlos Fuentes’ Smile

Carlos Fuentes’ smile On top of El Angel, on top of the Monumento a la Revolucion, on top of the Catedral, Carlos Fuentes was always on top. When he was young, he was afraid of height; even in June 1959, at  the  time of  the Cuban  revolution, in the same plane as General Cardenas, he asked: â€Å"Do you think it is going to fall? † We are already flying high. Since he was child, he was destined to be on top. He had just published Where the Air Is Clear, which caused uproar in Mexico City.Back then, all the writers wrote sad stories. The sad Revolution with its useless massacre, the sad province in which the guava paste was cooked slowly in a perol, as Agustin Yanez wrote; the sad leader's shadow and of all who had made the Revolution and now, in a luxurious office, they ignored the slow but steady push of their tummy. At this point, Fuentes made burst, he changed our small world as the Paricutin would have made and he reminded us that we had guts. He always ha s it.With an ambitious, audacious, agile, and elegant step, he was on the stage in one jump. He always was in a hurry, he always plucked up courage. The word â€Å"always† seems  to  do pretty well  to Fuentes and so we can tell to Silvia and Cecilia, in order and with a loud and strong voice, that Fuentes will always live wherever his books are, he will be always with us and that that aren’t words of encouragement, they are a reality. I see him in the distance, standing; I see him here, beside me, he smiled.His smile was the smile of his father, don Rafael Fuentes, that following the publication  of Where the Air Is Clear he said: â€Å"Now I’m the father of Carlos Fuentes†. All surrender by the raindrops of Jalapa, that city where the grass grows up among the rocks; Fuentes was from Veracruz from head to toe, from Veracruz with its table-glass full of cafe con leche from the Cafe de la Parroquia that the waiters filled and refilled at the sound of the spoon, ding, ding, ding, like in a Cri-Cri’s song1, as if  we  were  all  child without the Original sin.Fuentes was kind of like that, he had an inner child  that was like  the apple of  his eyes, his eyes shone, within his eyes there was his vigor, his excitement, his desire of embrace everything, his love for Mexico. His eyes cast sparks because Fuentes was a seducer, but as Angeles Mastretta said, â€Å"a trustful seducer†. 1 Mexican composer and performer of children's songs, best known under the name of  Cri-Cri: El Grillito Cantor.

Elements of leadership development and it’s importance

A leader is not born in a single day, neither is he found in your neighbor’s house. The Leader is in ‘you’. Like every living thing needs food for growth so do the leadership qualities need some nourishment to develop. For its development we need to work on all the important elements that are required to become a great leader. This theory applies not only to an individual but to an organization too. After all it is the individual who constitutes the organization; therefore the principles which we apply to get success in our lives can be used, to get success in an organization too. To start off, we must first and foremost deal with Personal Empowerment. Every human being, every society, every group or organization is not free from faults and mistakes. Weakness is found in everyone. Now, what matters the most is overcoming those, by making right practices and adopting good habits, along with good choices. â€Å"The more you know, the more you realize how much you do not know-the less you know, the more you think you know†-David T. Freeman. Another factor which would empower us in true sense, which is necessary for leadership, is ‘knowledge’. If you don’t know a vital piece of information, then find it out. Ask, get the facts, you need to take smart decisions. Knowledge gives you power. Ignorance puts you at the mercy of others. Another important lesson to be learnt in this segment called personal empowerment is learning to say a ‘yes’ to opportunities. Every individual and organization needs to get out of their cocoon and experience everything that gets into their way in a bold manner. Moving on to our second element -Control. Learning ‘To control’ is necessary for developing Leadership skills. Self-control (a form of control) is vital, one must know that he has control over his own leadership skills and can develop them. Same can be applied to an organization, it has control over its own actions, on performing the right set of actions, and one can achieve a lot. About ‘Control’- Leadership Development Leader Robin Sharma says-â€Å"When things get difficult it’s more important than to pursue excellence, is to focus on things that you can control. Take control of things that you can do and execute them brilliantly.   Then go home and let it go.† So, when you are in charge of a group you must also know how much of control is healthy for a group too. If one tries to get control on all the activities, then he might be regarded as a bad Leader. ‘Control’ must never be in excess amounts so as to frustrate. Freedom- one might wonder, as to, what freedom has to do with leadership. Soon our doubts would be cleared. A book called ‘Leadership Development in Balance’ has to say that-â€Å"I believe those leaders who find ways to create broader amounts of freedom rooted in trust have more sustainable success over time. Of course, to provide freedom, people must be willing and able to accept it and to use that freedom for the right means and ends†. This shows how freedom is necessary to take an action and also to reach ones goals. But with freedom comes-‘Responsibility’. A leader is responsible to perform his duties. A leader has to take accountability of his responsibility. There may be a difference in the level of responsibility, but we have our own set of responsibilities which we have to attend to and address. This in turn must help us to develop ethics .The Center for Ethical Leadership suggests that-â€Å"Core values are what motivate every individual and   shared core values are the foundation for agreements and co-operation among diverse people†, says Pat Hughes, Director of curriculum development for The Center. Ethics are vital for leadership because, these values create an impression on other people primarily. The other elements do create an impression but it is ethics which is most visible. Hence, we have discussed the importance and necessity of each of the elements i.e. personal empowerment, freedom, ethics, control and social responsibility for leadership development. REFERENCE: On personal empowerment: http://www.getrichslowly.org/blog/2007/06/16/developing-self-reliance-personal-empowerment Quote of Freeman: http://www.mind-trek.com/ On Ethics: http://humanresources.about.com/od/leadership/leadership_development.htm http://www.leader-values.com/Content/detail.asp?ContentDetailID=33 http://www.impactfactory.com/p/leadership_ethics_skills_training_development/friends_1547-11105-65192.html On control:

Should Ethical Principles be Applied by Multi-National Companies Essay Example

Should Ethical Principles be Applied by Multi Should Ethical Principles be Applied by Multi-National Companies Essay Should Ethical Principles be Applied by Multi-National Companies Essay The question ‘Should Ethical Principles be applied by Multi-National Companies definitely deserves serious answer as this question deals with the economic condition of employees and workers. Also, these multi- National companies played an important economic role in the host country not only in the form of government taxes but in the employment of hundreds if not thousands of workers, which in turn, their families economic needs depends on their take home pay.Winkler and Remisova in their paper defined business ethics as â€Å"an official document of a company that specifies ethical norms, principles, values and ideals† (par. 1).   This definition tried to explain that these codes will serve as guidelines for the employees to behave ethically towards external groups, and that the companies set and apply these ethical principles in order to â€Å"achieve different objectives among others the prevention of incidents caused by ethical misbehavior, better fulfillment of st akeholders’ needs, enhancement of stakeholders’ trust in the company, as well as protection against control and punishment by external authorities (Kaptein as cited by Winkler and Remisova, par. 1).In the paper written by Ingo Winkler and Anna Remisova entitled ‘Do Corporate Codes of Ethics Reflect Issues of Societal Transformation,’ presented the different approaches of the Western German and Slovak companies in the application of ethical principles.   The paper presented that the corporate codes of ethics from these two great enterprises differ as they face ethical situations; the Slovak companies usually â€Å"mirror the specific transformational circumstances in the country† while the German companies â€Å"experience a broader range of relevant ethical problems and codes are internally oriented† (Winkler and Remisova, abstract).   This only indicates that ethical principles applied usually based on the cultural orientation of the com pany as it relates to the environment.   The authors added that the â€Å"negative experiences within the past process of transformation and in part the socialist heritage are the main reasons for the differences between the two samples† (abstract).Most companies exist having written policy with the purpose of integrating company values and ethical principles and help organize and control employee for the sake of the company.   Herbert W. Lovelace stated that these companies have these written policies that require ethical behavior but in many cases, managers live only by the words and not by practice (Lovelace, summary, par. 1).   The emphasis of the statement of Lovelace is the gap going on between the practice and the principles especially in the presence of personal gain and the value of treating people fairly.   The author cited the case wherein the company in order to cut expenses, they need sometimes to demote or fire employees in form of reorganization (Lovela ce, par. 3).This fact about principles and practice of ethics in the business has been supported by Eleanor O’Higgins as she discussed why many companies especially multinational companies are fell behind of the supposed to be backbone of the company.   She said that â€Å"principles can easily fall by the wayside under pressure; pressure can emanate from outside forces, like competition or regulation or from within the organization itself† (O’Higgins, par. 2).   She explained further that out of those temptations in the company, employees usually coerced to behave contrary to their own principles and the company’s principles until this behavior became commonplace in an organization.   She emphasized that there is not organization that is exempted from temptation (par. 3), and this is more common in companies with highly competitive environments, highly diversified, complex organizations with far-flung geographical operations; business that rely on government contracts, businesses with products or services that my impact on public health and safety; competing for high stakes; weak corporate governance structures and processes; and, principled people, especially leaders really count but can be hard to find.   One of the consequences according to O’Higgins is that these companies will find difficulty controlling business units and subsidiaries that are â€Å"subject to different industry and political, social and cultural environment and competitive pressures† (par. 9).Worse is, according to O’Higgins, those who made it to the top are those personalities characterized as powerful in decision-making, egocentric, insincere, dishonesty, corrupt, and sometimes â€Å"ruthless murderous hostility towards anyone who threatens their position† (par. 25).The Significance of Ethical PrinciplesDespite substandard society due to lack of ethical principles, moral upgrading is still very significant for many reaso ns.   In the article written by Sven Helin and Johan Sandstrom, they explained that more and more corporations worldwide are â€Å"developing and implementing corporate code of ethics that consists of moral standards that is used to guide employee or corporate behavior† (p. 1).   The idea of a code according to Graves as cited by Helin and Sandstrom, is not a â€Å"cure-all, and it possesses no magic powers by which it can change moral darkness into light† (p. 1).   The author further stated that despite that, it is an effective instrument†¦ that can contribute much to the cause of truth and honor to business relationship† (par. 1).Applying ethical principles globally by these Multi-National companies will surely positively affects the condition of these workers; perhaps their take home pay will become a little bit more uplifting economically. But what is this global ethical principle?John Eade and Darren O’Byrne pointed out that global ethics i s new term which has come into use in the last few decades. They noted that it signifies â€Å"something increasingly important in how we construct and address questions concerning how we ought to live in the global context† (p. 74). Multi-National companies must recognize this global ethics and obliged to commits themselves to apply global ethical principles in their global business operation. How ever, there is a problem as there seems to have no clear consensus on how the frameworks of these ethical principles should be constructed.However, many multinational corporation begin to acknowledge the importance of ethics in the business; profits should be earned upon an ethical foundation for they go hand in hand which must be done strategically.   Findings have showed that companies that hold on ethical principles have increased remarkably its profit and developed further stronger relations with clientele and even shareholders.   Ethical principles also helped to lessen co nflicts between differing interests of people in the company from the owner down to community.Ethics in Business as a Social ResponsibilitySocial responsibility is regarded by many social analysts as an area of business ethics in which it emphasizes every company’s obligation to society and humanity.  Ã‚   Business therefore must help cultivate and maintain ethical principles and practices and at the same time maintaining the business to grow higher.According to John Kirton and Michael Trebilcock, There is now a wide spread agreement that multi-national companies â€Å"do have responsibilities that extend their share holder to their stake holders the values and principles on which regulatory frame work should be constructed and a supportive foundations of dialogue and debate with in and across the government, private, and voluntary sector† (p. 18). Kirton and Trebilcock pointed out that the problem is how the general principles should be interpreted and applied, who should be involved in the interpretive enterprise and how responsibility for ensuring respect and compliance be assigned† (p. 18).   These questions are fundamental because most of these multinational companies protect their profit and they may not initiate such commitments.   Harbhajan Kehal and Vaninder Singh noted that defining code of ethics which would be acceptable to all business organization in all cultures â€Å"has been said to be an impossible task† (p. 12).But they pointed out that since there are some ethical values that can do cross cultural boundaries, then, it could be possible to choose a set of ethical values and construct a set of guiding principles that would be universally acceptable.   They cited current efforts on the international scene which is â€Å"considering the programs that encourage a culture of mutual respect in which everyone understands and values the similarities and differences among employees, customers, communities, and othe r stakeholders.   Kehal and Singh pointed out that besides these global ethics issues, there are some more ethic issues that â€Å"should be the core for any particular company’s code of ethics.†Ã‚   These are follows: diversity, equal opportunity and respect in the work place, environment, health and safety, financial integrity, and accurate company records.   Ethical principles are significant to be applied globally by multinational companies even though they are moral responsibilities that pose threat to their commercial goals and profits.Michael Santoro emphasized that corporate executives and human rights advocates alike need to understand that when it comes to human rights, the world is   entitled to expect multinational corporations to their fair share† (p. 158).   In other words, applying ethical principles globally should not be an option for these multinational companies but an obligation to get huge profit from the skills and work effort of the workers.   This obligation must be based from a framework of moral duties about a minimum standard that should be expected of all.Santoro pointed out some questions such as: (1) What in particular situations should a company fulfill its moral duties while minimizing the possibility of economic loss? (2) What significance should the potential of economic loss have in assessing moral responsibility for human rights that would help multinational companies construct ethical principles they could apply in their global operation (p. 96), given the fact that there can be no unified ethical principles that apply to every business situation, as ethical practices differ in different cultures.Another paragraph most authors argued that there are practical difficulties in selecting particular ethical principles that could be universally applied.   R.G. Frey and Christopher Heath Wellman pointed out that this is because â€Å"background institutions such as socialism, capitalism and cultura l and religious mores confound cross-cultural operations† (p. 546).   Frey and Heath Wellman noted that â€Å"these background institutions create different ethical points of view, and because of their endemic nature, they are difficult for a corporation to confront† (p. 546).Towards Executive ExcellenceNo one in the world of business is excused from becoming morally upright.   As George Ritcheske pointed out in his article that, â€Å"abuses of power and a lack of integrity among business leaders are seemingly rampant† (Ritcheske, abstract par. 1).   Yet, he emphasized that people need to â€Å"run business in accordance with timeless principles.†Ã‚   This could be a difficult battle but if someone aims for a stronger foundation and a successful business, he or she has to be morally upright.   In his article, he presented four principles that a company must take hold on to in order to be ethically principled.   He enumerated them as follows: (1) Do what is right and tell the truth, (2) Trust is a must, (3) Recognize and build people, (4) Respect the importance of balance (Ritcheske, abstract, par.1).   He further emphasized that when a leader begin with honesty, trust, recognition and balance, they can build an organization that â€Å"offers products and services, treats its employees as essential for success, and rises above the competition† (par. 9).Llewellyn E. Piper stated in her article entitled ‘Ethics: The Evidence of Leadership’ that â€Å"†¦leaders must have the ability to make decisions based on ethics† (par. 1).   The reason for this according to her is that, leadership must have values grounded on ethical principles â€Å"to ensure the survivability of an organization† (abstract, par. 1).   She made this idea because in her observations, there are many organizations today that do not give much emphasis on a culture of ethics and because of that, many leaders face eth ical problems and issues.   In the same way, philosophy is encouraged to learn again as it provides definitions, guidelines and models that could assist everyone in pursuing ethical principles in the company.ConclusionI believe that multinational companies can apply ethical principles at least in their own global operations if only they would wish to do so.   It is quite clear that there is certainly no unified ethical principle for these multinational companies particularly because they operate on different countries with each differing cultural backgrounds and social orientation and educational and religious orientation.   However, since the issue of ethical principle is global and that there are widely accepted ethical principles such as, we ought to respect one another’s right, fairness and so forth, there is really a strong ground that these multinational companies should apply ethical principle.As most literature has pointed out, multinational companies have moral responsibilities in the host country, as well as in the condition of their workers.   Many multinational companies tend to exploit the host countries’ weakness by offering minimal per day wages as compared to other country with relatively strong economic condition.   Others however merely exploit the mineral resources of the host country such as mining in most African countries by European multinational companies.   In Angola for example, most Angolans denounced the system which these multinational companies employed.   These companies hired overseas workers and pay them relatively higher than local Angolan workers.   Much worse is that these locals are given the difficult work assignment with very low wages while their own country’s minimal resources are being shipped out of their country.   Thus, despite of their diamonds and other mineral deposits, most of the African countries live in extreme poverty.Kirton and Trebilcock pointed out a similar case of a Canadian corporation in Southern Sudan.   Kirton and Trebilcock noted that nearly two million people in Sudan have been killed since Civil War broke out in 1983, and more than 4.5 million people have internally affected and displaced.   Kirton and Trebilcock noted that this Canadian firm, Talisman energy which is engaged in oil operations â€Å"have focused on its contribution to the massive displacement of people on and around the drilling site, and the millions of dollars in oil revenues going to the central government from the sale of its oil that has increased the regime’s capacity to wage civil war and reduced its incentives to negotiate in good faith with opposition interest† (p. 18).They further noted that despite of Talisman’s endorsement of the international code of ethics for Canadian business and its commitment to issuing an annual corporate social responsibility report, they find that Talisman’s interests and authority are such that â₠¬Å"its activities necessarily undermine international human rights in Sudan† (p. 18).These particular instances are global concerns especially pertaining to human rights that must be addressed to.   Thus, ethical principles are not only applied within business relations but also international relations of countries.   Ethical principles do not simply guide behavior of staff and employees but also an obligation to humanity.   Through which, multinational companies must endeavor to establish a company founded on ethical principles.